Asprin essays

Asprin essays The discovery of aspirin dates back to the 5th century B.C., when Hippocrates used a powder from the bark of a willow tree to ease minor pains, reduce fevers and to help with childbirth. The willow tree powder was actually salicin, the pharmacological ancestor to the family of drugs known as salicylates. The best known of which is aspirin. Later efforts where made to neutralize salicin with sodium, but unfortunately turned out to be useless. In 1853 a French chemist named Charles Fredric Gerhardt tried to improve sodium salicylate in 1853. He combined it with acetyl chloride, which proved to be less irritating to the stomach. After a few years of hard work, Gerhardt didnt see any future with this concoction and soon abandoned it. In 1899 a German chemist, Felix Hoffmann set out to find a formulation to relieve his fathers arthritis pain. Hoffman used Gerhardts research to synthesize acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), a compound that appeared to lower fever, reduce pain and at high doses relieved arthritis. Hoffmann, who worked for Bayer, took his research to his superiors. They, however, doubted the commercial success of ASA. This was because ASA commonly caused shortness of breath and very high heart rates when taken in large doses. Fredrick Bayer in is the common drug ending of that time. When Bayer marketed the drug in 1897, they had no idea that it would turn out to be the most commonly used pain reliever in history. Aspirin works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are hormone-like substances that influence the elasticity of blood vessels, control urine contractions, and the direct functioning of blood platelets. Blood platelets cause blood clots and regulate numerous body functions. John Vane, Ph....

Inequality within organizations

Inequality within organizations Organizations are institutions which are set up and established based on a certain set of objectives with the aim of ensuring that the vision for which they are set up are obtained or realized. It is worth noting that organizations are institutions which are established and run by human beings.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Inequality within organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this case the success or failure of an organization to reach the stated objectives lay in the hands of the people who are concerned and more importantly in the leader who spells the vision to the members who are within the organization. As an entity, organizations have their own cultures and systems of operation. This implies that there are organizations which operate on principles which ensure that needs of the staff plus the customer or client based are realized and there are other organizations which may not have that aspect at all. Differences are bound to exist amidst people who hold different ideologies and opinions about certain aspects. This is an important aspect in organizations because it gives the organization an opportunity to work and gel in a unique and diverse manner. However, there are cases whereby these differences bring about conflict. These conflicts arise when there is no common ground and consequently cases of inequity crop up among personnel. Inequity may be defined as a situation in which a person perceives that he or she is receiving less than he or she is giving, or is giving less than he or she is receiving. This leads to the experience of tension, and tension motivates a person to act in a manner to resolve the inequity. Eventually the image of the company is harmed as well as the productivity of the employees. It is important as an administrator to work towards ensuring that any form of inequity is resolved. There are several strategies which can be used in resolving inequity and restoring equity to the situation . As an administrator these are some of the strategies that might be put to use. These include altering the person’s outcomes, altering the person’s output, altering the comparison other’s outcomes, altering the comparison other’s inputs, change who is used as a comparison to the other, rationalize the inequity and leave the organizational situation.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is important for an administrator to select a strategy or a set of tactics. This is not an easy issue, it is an issue which is very sensitive and which has got long term consequences, thus as the administrator grapples with formulation of a strategy and tactics to restore equity, the range of consequences of alternative actions must be taken into account. This is the only way which will ensure that the effects of the in equity involved are put into consideration and at the same time the parties which feel aggrieved are catered for amicably. Arriving at a conclusion on how to deal with the issues which are faced within an organization is quite important. This is because it enables the person to be in a position of developing strategies that are ethical and establishing a decision making process which caters for the needs of all the persons concerned. In essence ethics in organizations cannot be overlooked because it informs the process of arriving at the desired decision. Ethically, arriving at the right decision entails identifying the root cause of the problem at hand. This is done by developing a step by step approach towards resolving the arising conflict. In this process one has to begin with a consideration of the uncertainties involved in any ethical problem. Secondly the generation of alternative solutions to the problem which at times may entail separating the defining problem and gathering more information towards resolving the conflict and lastly always acting under time pressure to ensure that these conflicts are brought under immediate control. References Cooper, T. L. (2011 ). The Responsible Administrator: An Approach to Ethics for the Administrative Role. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Nelson, D. L., Quick, J. C. (2007). Understanding Organizational Behavior. California: Cengage Learning EMEA.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Inequality within organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Global Water Crisis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Global Water Crisis - Research Paper Example Each economy in the world is dependent on water for survival. However, for all its significance, few firms, as well as investors, think strategically concerning the intense commercial risks, which will prevail in a globe where climate transformation is possible to intensify already decreasing water supplies. The scarcity of water is increasing worldwide and it is clear that it will decline more in the future. Businesses as well as investors who have always had taken clean, reliable, and cheap water for granted, are significantly affected by the declining accessibility, diminishing quality, as well as, the increasing demand for water. These issues are currently leading to a reduction in firm’s water allocations, shifts toward full-cost pricing, more strict water quality controls, increasing community resistance.Despite Iran having varying climatic conditions, the country has been experiencing a high water shortage with only a few households connected to a reliable source of wat er. Iran experiences arid as well as semi-arid weather conditions thereby exposing the country to extreme water shortage. Currently, this issue has become more evident because of the recent droughts experienced in particular parts of the nation. Government and other stakeholders are doing very little to reverse the condition which instead of water supply increasing, it is decreasing at an alarming rate. This condition is a threat to the peace being experienced in the region.

Facebook Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Facebook - Essay Example The internet has a variety of different social networking websites such as MySpace, Netlog, Hi5, Yahoo and Facebook. This essay will examine and scrutinize Facebook and its varied features. It will begin with Facebook as a business and determining its industry from different aspects. Second, it will move to some information about Facebook, as well as details, such as Facebook background and some other facts. Third, this paper will go through a rundown of different business theories and strategies that Facebook uses like SWOT and PEST analysis, for instance. Fourth, this piece will take a look at Facebook data via explaining market share and financial issues. Fifth, we’ll be defining the different application of theories and strategies to data being used by the Facebook management. Ant then finally, this document will conclude with  looking at Facebook as a new business field, and how technology has been an effective aspect in that field, and not to forget, going through priv acy and risk management in this organization.   According to Techterms (2011), Facebook is a web site and a social network service, which means that it is an online service and platform that mirrors and builds social relations among people, for example, sharing interests and common activities. In February 2004 Facebook was launched, and it was operated privately and owned by Facebook. The name was acquired through papers that were given to new students and staff. By July 2011, Facebook had reached more than 800 million users. An American 23, Mark Zuckerberg born in 14th of May 1984 founded Facebook by following and associating computers, with fellow students Chris Hughes, Eduardo Saverin and Dustin Moskovitz, all of whom were his roommates. Zuckerberg is an Internet entrepreneur and computer programmer. A number of social networking websites were already developed by Mark Zuckerberg while he was still studying Psychology at Harvard University. The idea of

Republic Day Essay Example for Free

Republic Day Essay Republic Day is one of the three national holidays of India and the greatest festival celebrated in the country. It is celebrated every year on January 26, in New Delhi with great pomp, fanfare and pageant. While in the capitals of the States and other headquarters, it is marked with patriotic fervor. The most spectacular celebrations are marked by the Republic Day Parade that takes place in the capital of New Delhi at Rajpath. It includes march past of the three armed forces, massive parades, folk dances by tribal folk from different states in picturesque costumes marking the cultural unity of India. Further, the streak of jet planes of Indian Air Force, leaving a trial of colored smoke, marks the end of the festival. It was the Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress at midnight of December 31, 1929 January 1, 1930, that the Tri-Color Flag was unfurled by the nationalists and a pledge was taken that on January 26 every year, Republic Day would be celebrated and that the people would unceasingly strive for the establishment of a Sovereign Democratic Republic India. The professed pledge was successfully redeemed on January 26, 1950, when the Constitution of India framed by the Constituent Assembly of India came into force, although the Independence from the British rule was already achieved on August 15, 1947. It is because of this fact that August 15 is celebrated as Independence Day, while January 26 as Republic Day. The festivity of Republic Day concludes officially with the intriguing Beating Retreat ceremony on the evening of 29th January. This enthralling ceremony is performed by the military, the Indian Air Force, India Navy and India Army in the Raisina Hills, New Delhi, in front of the President of India as the Chief Guest.

Sports Violence in Relation to Preserving Values in Society Essay

Bench clearing brawls in baseball, bloody hockey fights, soccer mobs, post-game sports riots, and increasing injuries are all images of today’s sports that are familiar to us. In recent years players and fans alike have shown increased aggression when it comes to sporting events. One of the most disturbing trends in sports is the increasing frequency and severity of violence. Injuries and deaths among participants are on the rise, as are injuries and deaths among fans and spectators. Violence in sports is an important issue because sports themselves are an important aspect in our lives and the society we live in. Their importance, however, should not be greater than our concern about preserving the values and aspects of our society. The problem of sports violence has become a worldwide phenomenon, that is an unacceptable, growing social problem. Sports violence can be defined as behavior by a player, coach, or fan that is intended to inflict pain or cause injury (Berger 8). Sports violence causes harm, breaks the rules of the game, and is unrelated to the competitive objectives of the sport. Leonard identifies two forms of aggression in sports: Instrumental aggression, which is non-emotional and task-oriented and reactive aggression, which has an underlying emotional component, with harm as its goal(165). Violence is the outcome of reactive aggression. There are three major theories of aggression in sports: The biological theory, psychological theory, and the social learning theory(Leonard 170-171). The biological theory sees aggression as a basic, innate human characteristic, in which sports is seen as a socially acceptable way to discharge built-up aggression(170). The psychological theo... ...ect for authority, but that we have lost respect for each other. Our society’s preoccupation with winning has caused sports stars to play with the intensity of emotion, which leads to violence. While most occurrences of violence come from players, others, including coaches, parents, fans, and the media, also contribute to the increasing violence in sports today. Fans seem to emulate the violence they watch in sports and spectator violence is increasing as participant injuries rise(Yeager 11). Mass media contributes to the acceptability of sports. It provides exposure to sports-related violence via television, magazines, newspapers, and radio, which provides many examples to children who may imitate such behavior. Also it often glamorizes players who are controversial and aggressive. Reading this, I couldn’t help but think of the honorable Mike Tyson.

Race representation in “Desmond’s” and “Mind your language” Essay

In this essay I am going to compare the ways in which race has been represented in the two sitcoms â€Å"Desmond’s† and â€Å"Mind your language.† Desmond’s is a sitcom set in a barber shop in the 1989 and Mind your language which is set in a school in 1970’s. Mind your language reinforces stereotypes by the people’s accents for example Ali said that he goes around and â€Å"nicking† on peoples doors when he’s meant to say â€Å"knocking† on peoples door that’s why you cant trust him and this also makes him sound dishonest. Ali and Ranjeet are in a conflict with each other because of the war against India and Pakistan. Jamila the Pakistani woman is represented as domestic because she is always knitting in class also there is conflict going on with Ingrid the Swedish woman and Anna the German woman who are trying to attract most of the men in the class because mostly the class is full of men. Ranjeet is shown as a typical Indian because he is always shaking his head and moving his hands and also him going to be arranged married to a another person that he doesn’t even know and doesn’t like. Taro the Japanese man has a camera on him because it shows that all Japanese people carry cameras and makes them look like tourists. All the students in Mind your language don’t take learning English seriously by not doing their homework instead they buy it of Giovanni the Italian and coming late to their classes. Desmonds is a sitcom set in 1980s in a barber shop. Desmond’s is different to mind your language. It is subverting stereotypes because in Desmond’s the people own their own business and when the show starts you see white people hanging around with black people instead of white people on one side and black on the other. This is represented by Shirley how is the daughter of Desmond has a white friend and when the show is starts you see a Blackman and a white man shaking hands. In Desmond the barber shop is used for social conversation about black people achieving things and how political comments are made negative at stereotyping in the media. Sean is the son of Desmond. He’s represented as a claver and wanting to go to school and wanting to learn. As well as listening to rap music and the older brother Sean has left and started working as a bank manager how lives well and also owns his own house. In conclusion I think mind your language is bad because it makes the people sound dishonest and bad but Desmond’s on the other hand show positive view on TV because of showing black people wanting to learn and at the same time being into rap music and also black people being friends with white people.